Storage and quotas
In our network you will find disk quotas for machines with Unix OS and Windows OS .
Unix
On Unix machines, each user has the following storage available, limited by a disk quota:
- on the bundle
/home/ login
with the home directory, which is located on the machine home.fi.muni.cz and is exported using NFS and SMB protocols; storage is backed up - on the bundle
/data/ login
with user data, which is located on the machine home.fi.muni.cz and is exported using NFS and SMB protocols; the quota here is an order of magnitude higher than in the home directory, but the volume is not backed up and access to it may be slower - on the machine
aisa.fi.muni.cz on the volume
/var/spool/mail
with mail (does not apply to employee mailboxes on the Anxur machine) - on the machines
aisa.fi.muni.cz and
anxur.fi.muni.cz on the volumes
/tmp
and/var/tmp
for temporary files
See also the possibility of remote connection of these storages .
If you are interested, you can read more about our disk storage solution in our blog post .
The quota limits the disk space and the number of files stored. The limitation of each of these resources is given by the soft quota, the hard quota and the time limit, the meaning of which is as follows. After exceeding the soft quota, the user is set a time limit until which he can work normally. However, the system notifies him of the exceeded quota - a notification e-mail is sent and the notification is also displayed in the order statement
quota
(see below). When the timeout expires, the user is restricted from accessing the quota-exceeded volume (it is not possible to create new files and increase the size of existing files), and the user must delete sufficient data and / or files to restore access. The system will not allow the hard limit to be exceeded. If an operation causes the hard limit to be exceeded, it will not complete and will result in an error.
Checking quota status
You can find all the set limits on the volumes in
Faculty administration in the My Account - Overview section. To find out the current occupancy values and space limits and number of files on a specific machine, enter the command
quota
. Example:
aisa$ quota
Disk quotas for user login (uid 55555):
Filesystem space quota limit grace files quota limit grace
/var/spool/mail 12K 147M 176M 0 2 50 100 0
/var/tmp 0K 1954M 3907M 0 0 50000 80000 0
/tmp 4K 1954M 3907M 0 2 50000 80000 0
/home/login 47408K 3907M 4883M 0 5841 160k 200k 0
/data/login 4K 97657M 144G 0 2 600k 700k 0
nymfeXY$ quota
Disk quotas for user login (uid 55555):
Filesystem space quota limit grace files quota limit grace
/home/login 4882M* 3907M 4883M 6d 5841 160k 200k 0
/data/login 4K 97657M 144G 0 2 600k 700k 0
The examples show quota detection on the Aisa and Nymph machines. The first three columns indicate the size, followed by a delay, and then the same for the number of files. Aisy quotas can be seen at Aisa
/var/spool/mail
,
/var/tmp
,
/tmp
and then
/home/login
and
/data/login
.
The penultimate line is usually the most important because it displays quota information in the home directory.
In the second example, we similarly see the quota on the home directory and the quota on the directory first
/data/login
with user data. This example also shows how to command
quota
informs about quota overrun. The number exceeded is followed by an asterisk and the running time limit is displayed in the grace column.
When the quota is exceeded
When the quota is threatened to be exceeded, we automatically send a message to the faculty address. After exceeding the quota on the volume
aisa:/var/spool/mail
the mailbox is moved to the home directory and the user is also informed by a message.
If the home directory quota is exceeded, then graphical login to the system may mysteriously fail. However, if you do not encounter a hard quota on your home directory and you do not have an expiration date after exceeding the soft quota, you will be notified of a quota problem and will be notified by email. Login via text interface (
Ctrl-Alt-Fn
) or SSH should always work for you.
How do I find out which files take up the most space
Log in to your account (eg using ssh) and run the following from the command line:
$ du -kax | sort -n | tail -n 10
323316 ./.cpanm/work/1329993381.18167
340828 ./mail/misclass
350480 ./.Spotlight-V100/Store-V1
350488 ./.Spotlight-V100
367740 ./.cpanm/work
367820 ./.cpanm
414276 ./prog
627336 ./.ccache
2420912 ./mail
7762344 .
This command lists the space used in kB in all directories and files (even hidden ones) in the home directory, sorts them by size, and lists the 10 largest. Or you can also use the interactive tool
ncdu
:
$ ncdu
In this case, we could delete some unnecessary files:
$ rm -rf .ccache .cpanm/work
You can do the same for a volume
/data/
login
You just need to get into it before executing the command
du
switch:
$ cd /data/
login
$ du -kax | sort -n | tail -n 10
...
The above command
du
however, it may not always reveal the cause of the quota being filled. The listing shows only the space used by the files in the given directory, but the quota is calculated over the entire volume (
/home
resp.
/data
) and the owner of the file is decisive. If the data from the statement of orders
quota
and
du
significantly different, this may mean that some files owned by the current user are located in another user's directory (or vice versa). In this case, it is necessary to remember where they can be located and, if necessary, ask the user to access / delete the files. If you've tried the options here and are still unsure, contact the administrator at
unix267YoevSg@fi1xPlo81v-.muni9XtLUquTN.cz
.