+/*
+ * OVERVIEW
+ *
+ * Powering up:
+ * Immediately after reset, we power down the entire system.
+ * We wake up only after the button is pressed for a sufficiently long time.
+ *
+ * Heater output:
+ * The heater output is driven by Timer/Counter 1 in PWM mode.
+ * We want to be able to measure the battery voltage both when the
+ * output is on, and when the output is off. So we set the T/C1 clock
+ * prescaler so that the T/C1 is slow enough, we enable the T/C1 interrupts
+ * both on compare match and on overflow. After the interrupt, we trigger
+ * the battery voltage measurement with ADC.
+ *
+ * ADC:
+ * To avoid transients, we measure each battery state (when the heater is on
+ * and when it is off) separately, and we drop the first few readings.
+ * We calculate a running average of the readings to achieve higher accuracy.
+ *
+ * Buttons:
+ * There are two buttons (+ and -). Any button can wake the system up from
+ * the power-down state.
+ * When running, the "-" button is used for decreasing the output power,
+ * the "+" button is for increasing it.
+ * Any long button press switches the system off.
+ *
+ * Status LED:
+ * When powering up by a button press, the LED goes on to provide a visual
+ * feedback, and is switched off after the button is released.
+ * It displays the current power level and current battery voltage
+ * using # of blinks with different blinking lengths.
+ * When the battery is completely exhausted, the output power is switched
+ * off, the LED keeps blinking for some time, and then the whole system is
+ * switched off to avoid deep discharge of the battery.
+ *
+ * Timing:
+ * The firmware is timed by the Watchdog Timer interrupt. Most of the
+ * processing is done from the main loop, IRQs only set various flags
+ * or trigger other events.
+ */
+
+#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
+#include <avr/power.h>
+#include <avr/sleep.h>
+#include <avr/wdt.h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include "logging.h"
-int main()
+/* waking up from the power down state by a button press */
+#define WAKEUP_POLL 50 // msec
+#define WAKEUP_LIMIT 5 // times WAKEUP_POLL
+
+// #define BUTTONS_REVERSE
+
+#ifdef BUTTONS_REVERSE
+# define BUTTON1 PB0
+# define BUTTON2 PB1
+#else
+# define BUTTON1 PB1
+# define BUTTON2 PB0
+#endif /* !BUTTONS_REVERSE */
+
+/* which state (output on or output off) are we measuring now */
+static volatile unsigned char adc_type, adc_drop;
+#define ADC_RUNAVG_SHIFT 5 // running average shift on batt_on, batt_off
+static volatile uint16_t batt_on, batt_off; // measured voltage
+
+/*
+ * The voltage divider has 1M5 and 300K resistors (i.e. it measures 1/6th of
+ * the real voltage), ADC uses 1.1V internal reference.
+ * Macro to calculate upper eight bits of the ADC running-averaged value
+ * from the voltage in milivolts.
+ */
+#define ADC_1100MV_VALUE 1071 // measured, not exactly 1100
+#define MV_TO_ADC8(mV) ((unsigned char)(((uint32_t)(1UL << ADC_RUNAVG_SHIFT) \
+ * (1024UL * (mV)) \
+ / (6UL * ADC_1100MV_VALUE)) >> 8))
+static unsigned char batt_levels[] = {
+ MV_TO_ADC8(3000), // below this, do not enable load, and switch off
+ MV_TO_ADC8(3150), // below this, switch off after some time
+ MV_TO_ADC8(3450), // battery low
+ MV_TO_ADC8(3800), // battery ok, above that almost full
+};
+#define BATT_N_LEVELS (sizeof(batt_levels) / sizeof(batt_levels[0]))
+
+/* output power and PWM calculation */
+#define PWM_TOP 255
+#define PWM_MAX (PWM_TOP - 8) // to allow for ADC "batt_off" measurements
+#define PWM_MIN 8 // to allow for ADC "batt_on" measurements
+
+/*
+ * The values in power_levels[] array are voltages at which the load
+ * would give the expected power (we don't have sqrt() function,
+ * so we cannot use mW values directly. They can be calculated as
+ * voltage[V] = sqrt(load_resistance[Ohm] * expected_power[W])
+ * or
+ * voltage[mV] = sqrt(load_resistance[mOhm] * expected_power[mW])
+ *
+ * I use 1.25 W as minimum power, each step is sqrt(2)*previous_step,
+ * so the 5th step is 5 W.
+ */
+static unsigned char power_levels[] = {
+ MV_TO_ADC8(1581), // 1250 mW for 2 Ohm load
+ MV_TO_ADC8(1880), // 1768 mW for 2 Ohm load
+ MV_TO_ADC8(2236), // 2500 mW for 2 Ohm load
+ MV_TO_ADC8(2659), // 3536 mW for 2 Ohm load
+ MV_TO_ADC8(3162), // 5000 mW for 2 Ohm load
+};
+#define N_POWER_LEVELS (sizeof(power_levels) / sizeof(power_levels[0]))
+
+static unsigned char power_level = 0; // selected power level
+
+#define LED_BATTEMPTY_COUNT 60
+
+/* timing by WDT */
+static volatile unsigned char jiffies, next_clock_tick;
+
+/* button press duration (in jiffies) */
+#define BUTTON_SHORT_MIN 1
+#define BUTTON_LONG_MIN 10
+
+
+/* ========= Analog to Digital Converter (battery voltage) ========== */
+static void adc_init()
{
- log_init();
+ power_adc_enable();
+
+ ADCSRA = _BV(ADEN) // enable
+ | _BV(ADPS1) | _BV(ADPS0); // clk/8 = 125 kHz
+ ADMUX = _BV(REFS1) | _BV(MUX1) | _BV(MUX0);
+ // 1.1V reference, PB3 pin, single-ended
+ DIDR0 |= _BV(ADC3D); // PB3 pin as analog input
+}
+
+static void adc_susp()
+{
+ ADCSRA = 0; // disable ADC
+ DIDR0 &= ~_BV(ADC3D); // disable analog input on PB3
+
+ power_adc_disable();
+}
+
+static void adc_start_measurement(unsigned char on)
+{
+ adc_drop = 1;
+ adc_type = on;
+ ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC) | _BV(ADIE);
+}
+
+ISR(ADC_vect)
+{
+ uint16_t adcw = ADCW;
+
+ if (adc_drop) {
+ adc_drop--;
+ ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ // TODO: We may want to disable ADC after here to save power,
+ // but compared to the heater power it would be negligible,
+ // so don't bother with it.
+ if (adc_type == 0) {
+ if (batt_off) {
+ batt_off += adcw - (batt_off >> ADC_RUNAVG_SHIFT);
+ } else {
+ batt_off = adcw << ADC_RUNAVG_SHIFT;
+ }
+ } else {
+ if (batt_on) {
+ batt_on += adcw - (batt_on >> ADC_RUNAVG_SHIFT);
+ } else {
+ batt_on = adcw << ADC_RUNAVG_SHIFT;
+ }
+ }
+ ADCSRA &= ~_BV(ADIE);
+}
+
+/* ===================== Timer/Counter1 for PWM ===================== */
+static void pwm_init()
+{
+ power_timer1_enable();
- DDRB |= _BV(PB2) | _BV(PB4);
- TCCR1 = _BV(CS10); // clk/1 = 1 MHz
+ DDRB |= _BV(PB4);
+ PORTB &= ~_BV(PB4);
+
+ // TCCR1 = _BV(CS10); // clk/1 = 1 MHz
// TCCR1 = _BV(CS11) | _BV(CS13); // clk/512 = 2 kHz
+ /*
+ * clk/64 = 16 kHz. We use PWM_MIN and PWM_MAX, so we have at least
+ * 8 full T/C1 cycles to do two ADC measurements. The ADC with 125 kHz
+ * clock can do about 7000-9000 measurement per second, so we should
+ * be safe both on low and high OCR1B values with this clock
+ */
+ TCCR1 = _BV(CS12) | _BV(CS11) | _BV(CS10);
+
GTCCR = _BV(COM1B1) | _BV(PWM1B);
- OCR1C = 255;
- OCR1B = 9;
-
- ADCSRA = _BV(ADEN) | _BV(ADPS1) | _BV(ADPS0); // clk/8 = 125 kHz
- ADMUX = _BV(REFS1) | _BV(MUX1) | _BV(MUX0); // 1.1V ref., PB3 single-ended
- DIDR0 = _BV(ADC3D);
- ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC);
- while (!(ADCSRA & _BV(ADIF)))
- ;
- log_word(ADCW);
- ADCSRA |= _BV(ADSC);
- while (!(ADCSRA & _BV(ADIF)))
- ;
- log_word(ADCW);
+ OCR1C = PWM_TOP;
+ // OCR1B = steps[0];
+ OCR1B = 0;
+ TIMSK = _BV(OCIE1B) | _BV(TOIE1);
+}
+
+static void pwm_susp()
+{
+ TCCR1 = 0;
+ TIMSK = 0;
+ GTCCR = 0;
+ PORTB &= ~_BV(PB4);
+}
+
+ISR(TIM1_OVF_vect)
+{
+ adc_start_measurement(1);
+}
+
+ISR(TIM1_COMPB_vect)
+{
+ adc_start_measurement(0);
+}
+
+static void pwm_set(unsigned char pwm)
+{
+ OCR1B = pwm;
+}
+
+/* ===================== Status LED on pin PB2 ======================= */
+static void status_led_init()
+{
+ DDRB |= _BV(PB2);
+ PORTB &= ~_BV(PB2);
+}
+
+static void status_led_on()
+{
+ PORTB |= _BV(PB2);
+}
+
+static void status_led_off()
+{
+ PORTB &= ~_BV(PB2);
+}
+
+static unsigned char status_led_is_on()
+{
+ return PORTB & _BV(PB2) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+/* ================== Buttons on pin PB0 and PB1 ===================== */
+static void buttons_init()
+{
+ DDRB &= ~(_BV(PB0) | _BV(PB1)); // set as input
+ PORTB |= _BV(PB0) | _BV(PB1); // internal pull-up
+
+ GIMSK &= ~_BV(PCIE); // disable pin-change IRQs
+ PCMSK = 0; // disable pin-change IRQs on all pins of port B
+}
+
+static void buttons_susp()
+{
+ buttons_init();
+
+ GIMSK |= _BV(PCIE);
+ PCMSK |= _BV(PCINT0) | _BV(PCINT1);
+}
+
+static unsigned char buttons_pressed()
+{
+ return (
+ (PINB & _BV(BUTTON1) ? 0 : 1)
+ |
+ (PINB & _BV(BUTTON2) ? 0 : 2)
+ );
+}
+
+static unsigned char buttons_wait_for_release()
+{
+ uint16_t wake_count = 0;
+
+ do {
+ if (++wake_count > WAKEUP_LIMIT)
+ status_led_on(); // inform the user
+
+ _delay_ms(WAKEUP_POLL);
+ } while (buttons_pressed());
+
+ status_led_off();
+
+ return wake_count > WAKEUP_LIMIT;
+}
+
+ISR(PCINT0_vect)
+{
+ // empty - let it wake us from sleep, but do nothing else
+}
+
+/* ==== Watchdog Timer for timing blinks and other periodic tasks ==== */
+static void wdt_init()
+{
+ next_clock_tick = 0;
+ jiffies = 0;
+ WDTCR = _BV(WDIE) | _BV(WDP1); // interrupt mode, 64 ms
+}
+
+static void wdt_susp()
+{
+ wdt_disable();
+}
+
+ISR(WDT_vect) {
+ next_clock_tick = 1;
+ jiffies++;
+}
+
+/* ====== Hardware init, teardown, powering down and waking up ====== */
+static void hw_setup()
+{
+ power_all_disable();
+
+ pwm_init();
+ adc_init();
+ status_led_init();
+ wdt_init();
+}
+
+static void hw_suspend()
+{
+ adc_susp();
+ pwm_susp();
+ status_led_init(); // we don't have a separate _susp() here
+ buttons_susp();
+ wdt_susp();
+
+ power_all_disable();
+}
+
+static void power_down()
+{
+ hw_suspend();
+
+ do {
+ // G'night
+ set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_PWR_DOWN);
+ sleep_enable();
+ sleep_bod_disable();
+ sei();
+ sleep_cpu();
+
+ // G'morning
+ cli();
+ sleep_disable();
+
+ // allow wakeup by long button-press only
+ } while (!buttons_wait_for_release());
+
+ // OK, wake up now
+ hw_setup();
+}
+
+/* ============ Status LED blinking =================================== */
+static unsigned char blink_on_time, blink_off_time, n_blinks;
+static unsigned char blink_counter;
+
+static unsigned char battery_level()
+{
+ unsigned char i, adc8;
+
+ // NOTE: we use 8-bit value only, so we don't need lock to protect
+ // us against concurrently running ADC IRQ handler:
+ adc8 = batt_off >> 8;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < BATT_N_LEVELS; i++)
+ if (batt_levels[i] > adc8)
+ break;
+
+ return i;
+}
+
+static void status_led_next_pattern()
+{
+ static unsigned char battery_exhausted;
+ static unsigned char display_power_level;
+
+ if (display_power_level) {
+ n_blinks = power_level + 1;
+ if (batt_on >> 8 == batt_off >> 8) { // load unplugged
+ n_blinks = 2 * n_blinks;
+ blink_on_time = 0;
+ blink_off_time = 0;
+ } else {
+ blink_on_time = 2;
+ blink_off_time = 2;
+ }
+ } else {
+ unsigned char b_level = battery_level();
+ if (b_level > 1) {
+ battery_exhausted = 0;
+ } else if (battery_exhausted) {
+ if (!--battery_exhausted)
+ power_down();
+ } else {
+ battery_exhausted = LED_BATTEMPTY_COUNT;
+ }
+
+ n_blinks = b_level ? b_level : 1;
+ blink_on_time = b_level ? 4 : 2;
+ blink_off_time = 0;
+ }
+
+ blink_counter = 12;
+ display_power_level = !display_power_level;
+}
+
+static void timer_blink()
+{
+ if (blink_counter) {
+ blink_counter--;
+ } else if (!status_led_is_on()) {
+ status_led_on();
+ blink_counter = blink_on_time;
+ } else if (n_blinks) {
+ --n_blinks;
+ status_led_off();
+ blink_counter = blink_off_time;
+ } else {
+ status_led_next_pattern();
+ }
+}
+
+/* ======== Button press detection and handling ===================== */
+static void button_pressed(unsigned char button, unsigned char long_press)
+{
+ // ignore simlultaneous button 1 and 2 press
+ if (long_press) {
+ power_down();
+ return;
+ } else { // short press
+ if (button == 1) {
+ if (power_level > 0) {
+ --power_level;
+ }
+ } else if (button == 2) {
+ if (power_level < N_POWER_LEVELS-1) {
+ ++power_level;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ status_led_next_pattern();
+}
+
+static unsigned char button_state, button_state_time;
+
+static void timer_check_buttons()
+{
+ unsigned char newstate = buttons_pressed();
+
+ if (newstate == button_state) {
+ if (newstate && button_state_time < BUTTON_LONG_MIN)
+ ++button_state_time;
+
+ if (newstate && button_state_time >= BUTTON_LONG_MIN) {
+ status_led_on();
+ }
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (newstate) {
+ button_state = newstate;
+ button_state_time = 0;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ // just released
+ if (button_state_time >= BUTTON_SHORT_MIN)
+ button_pressed(button_state,
+ button_state_time >= BUTTON_LONG_MIN ? 1 : 0);
+
+ button_state = newstate;
+ button_state_time = 0;
+}
+
+/* ===================== Output power control ======================== */
+static void calculate_power_level()
+{
+ uint32_t pwm;
+ unsigned char batt_on8;
+
+ if (battery_level() == 0) {
+ pwm_set(0);
+ // TODO power_down() after some time
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (!batt_on) {
+ batt_on = batt_off;
+ };
+
+ batt_on8 = batt_on >> 8;
+
+ pwm = (uint32_t)PWM_TOP * power_levels[power_level]
+ * power_levels[power_level];
+ pwm /= (uint32_t)batt_on8 * batt_on8;
+
+ if (pwm > PWM_MAX)
+ pwm = PWM_MAX;
+
+ if (pwm < PWM_MIN)
+ pwm = PWM_MIN;
+
+#if 0
+ log_byte(0x10 + power_level);
+ log_byte(batt_on8);
+ log_byte(pwm & 0xFF);
+#endif
+
+ pwm_set(pwm);
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+ log_init();
+
+#if 0
+ log_word(batt_levels[0]);
+ log_word(batt_levels[1]);
+ log_word(batt_levels[2]);
+ log_flush();
+#endif
+ log_byte(power_levels[0]);
+ log_byte(power_levels[4]);
log_flush();
+ power_down();
+
+ sei();
+
+ // we try to be completely IRQ-driven, so just wait for IRQs here
while(1) {
- PORTB |= _BV(PB2);
- _delay_ms(500);
- PORTB &= ~_BV(PB2);
- _delay_ms(1000);
+ cli();
+ set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_IDLE);
+ sleep_enable();
+ // keep BOD active, no sleep_bod_disable();
+ sei();
+ sleep_cpu();
+ sleep_disable();
+
+ // FIXME: Maybe handle new ADC readings as well?
+ if (next_clock_tick) {
+ next_clock_tick = 0;
+ timer_blink();
+ // this has to be after the timer_blink() call
+ // to override the status LED during long button press
+ timer_check_buttons();
+
+ if ((jiffies & 0x0F) == 0) {
+ calculate_power_level();
+#if 0
+ log_byte(0xcc);
+ log_byte(i);
+ log_byte(batt_off >> 8);
+ log_byte(batt_on >> 8);
+#endif
+ }
+ if (jiffies == 0) {
+ log_byte(batt_on >> 8);
+ log_byte(batt_off >> 8);
+ }
+ log_flush();
+ }
}
}
https://www.fi.muni.cz/~kas/git / heater.git / blobdiff